Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAES)
Journal Title Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAES) Abbrev. Indones. J. Sustain. Agric. Environ. Short Title IJSAES ISSN 3109-1377 Editor in Chief Jhon Hardy Purba Publication Frequency 3 times a year (April, August, and December) Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAES) is an open-access and peer-reviewed scientific journal that contains research articles, theoretical studies, and scientific papers on agriculture and environmental sciences covering agronomy and plant science, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agricultural economics and management, plant breeding, biotechnology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, plant pathology and pest control, microbiology, organic farming, post-harvest technology, soil science, land resources, phytoremediation, water management, ecology, and environmental science.
Molecular Docking-Based Screening of Phenylpropanoids as Potential Antifungal Agents Against Magnaporthe oryzae
Background: Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae leads to annual yield losses of 10–30%, exacerbated by fungicide resistance and environmental toxicity of synthetic chemicals. Phenylpropanoids have shown potential as eco-friendly antifungal agents, yet systematic molecular screening against key pathogenic targets remains limited. Aim: This study aimed to identify potential phenylpropanoid-based antifungal compounds targeting Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) and MoErs1 proteins of M. oryzae through an in silico approach. Methods: A total of 317 phenylpropanoid-derived ligands were screened using molecular docking against ICL1 (PDB ID: 5e9f) and MoErs1 (PDB ID: 7vs2). Docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Vina, followed by interaction analysis using LigPlot+ and PLIP to evaluate binding affinity and interaction patterns. Results: Six compounds, Vitisin A, Miyabenol A, Viniferol D, Suffruticosol A, Suffruticosol B, and Isohopeaphenol, demonstrated superior binding affinity (up to −11.57 kcal/mol) compared to commercial fungicides Edifenphos and Tricyclazole. These ligands formed stable complexes through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π-stacking with key active-site residues of both target proteins. Conclusion: These findings suggest that selected phenylpropanoids have strong potential as multi-target antifungal agents against M. oryzae. This study provides a structural foundation for developing environmentally friendly biofungicides and contributes to sustainable crop protection strategies, although further experimental validation is required.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fidelia Melissa Sihombing (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Synergistic Effects of Zeolite and Organic Amendments on Soil Quality in Degraded Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria
Background: Land degradation threatens crop productivity, particularly in savanna ecosystems where soils are inherently low in organic matter content and nutrient availability. Aim: This study evaluated the synergistic (integrated) effects of zeolite and organic amendments on selected soil chemical and physical properties of degraded Alfisols. Methods: A screen-house experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments replicated three times. Four organic amendments: cow dung (CD), poultry litter (PL), biochar (BC), compost (CM), were applied at 5 t ha-1 and a control (CO), these treatments were used alone and in combination with zeolite applied at 5 g kg-1 of degraded soil. In all treatments crops were augmented with the recommended NPK rate of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) as the test crop. Soil chemical and physical analyses were conducted using standard procedures after harvest. Results: Organic amendments significantly improved soil properties, with the overall performance following CM>PL>CD>BC>CO. Compost increased soil pH, organic carbon (OC), effective cation exchange capacity content (ECEC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and plant available water content (PAWC). Total nitrogen (TN) content increased in the order PL>CM>CD>BC>CO. Zeolite conditioning further enhanced TN, ECEC, Ksat, and PAWC by 30.95%, 9.74%,13.09%, and 13.48% respectively while bulk density (BD) decreased by 3.40% compared to no zeolite-conditioned treatments. Conclusion: Overall, compost was the most effective organic amendment, and the integrated use of zeolite with organic amendments provide a practical, restorative strategy for improving nutrient retention and water availability for sustainable sweet corn production on degraded soils.
Copyright (c) 2026 Auwal Bello Adamu, Halima Mohammed Lawal, Jabir Haruna Abdulkareem, Ayami Musa Modu, Sharhabil Musa Yahaya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Harnessing Nanotechnology for Environmental Sustainability: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative and rapidly advancing field with significant potential to address pressing environmental challenges. Owing to the unique properties of nanoparticles, particularly their high surface area-to-volume ratio and enhanced reactivity, nanotechnology offers innovative solutions across multiple environmental sectors. Aim: This review aims to explore the applications, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of nanotechnology in promoting environmental sustainability. Methods: A comprehensive literature review approach was employed to examine the role of nanotechnology in key areas, including climate change mitigation, wastewater treatment, sustainable agriculture, food quality enhancement, and civil engineering. Conclusion: Nanotechnology provides cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable solutions for reducing environmental pollutants, improving resource management, and enhancing ecosystem resilience. However, concerns regarding environmental toxicity, long-term impacts, and regulatory challenges highlight the need for further research, risk assessment, and the development of robust regulatory frameworks to ensure its safe and widespread implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Areeba Sagheer, Muhammad Iqbal, Dua Sagheer, Areesha Sagheer, Muhammad Madnee, Hussain Ahmed Makki, Intazar Ali, Nugraha Akbar Nurrochmat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Zonation: A Case Study from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Background: Landslides are among the most destructive natural hazards in the hilly regions of Kerala, causing severe environmental and socio-economic damage. Nilambur Taluk in Malappuram District, located along the Western Ghats, has experienced frequent landslide events, particularly during the extreme rainfall events of August 2018 and 2019. Aim: This study aims to delineate landslide hazard zones in Nilambur Taluk using a GIS-based weighted overlay approach to support risk reduction and spatial planning. Methods: A landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) map was developed using an inverse ranking-based weighted overlay method. Multiple thematic layers—including slope, rainfall distribution, lineament density, drainage density, slope aspect, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), NDVI, elevation, distance from drainage, distance from road networks, and soil—were derived from Survey of India (SoI) toposheets and 2019 Landsat imagery. These layers were integrated within a GIS environment (ArcGIS 10.1). Each parameter was assigned a relative weight based on its contribution to landslide susceptibility, while classes within each layer were ranked on a scale of 0–5. Conclusion: The resulting LHZ map classifies the study area into five hazard categories: stable (5.8%), moderately stable (32.3%), moderately unstable (39%), highly unstable (22%), and critical (0.92%). Validation through field observations and geospatial analysis confirms that high and critical hazard zones are strongly associated with intense rainfall, steep slopes, high lineament density, and active erosional processes. The generated hazard zonation map serves as an effective tool for landslide risk mitigation, informed land-use planning, and sustainable geo-environmental management in Nilambur Taluk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arunkumar K.S., Mufeeda C.T. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Green Mussel Shell Waste (Perna viridis) to the Growth and Production of Celery (Apium graveolens)
Background: Green mussel shell waste (GMS) is a nutrient source that can be applied to celery plants. This study aimed to assess the potential of green mussel shell waste as a natural ameliorant that can improve soil fertility and support celery growth and production. Methods: The study was conducted from January to April 2022 at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: inorganic fertilizer (control), GMS waste 4 g/plant, GMS waste 8 g/plant, GMS waste 12 g/plant, and GMS waste 16 g/plant . Results: The results showed that the use of GMS waste increased soil pH from acidic (6,13) to neutral (6.63-7.33), particularly at doses of 12 g and 16 g per plant. Despite this, inorganic fertilizers provide the best results in terms of plant growth, particularly in terms of plant height, number of leaf stalks, and fruit weight. Conclusion: GMS waste shows potential as an alternative fertilizer, but its effectiveness in supporting celery plant growth is still limited, due to its incomplete nutrient content and slower nutrient release compared to inorganic fertilizers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elfarisna Elfarisna, Erlina Rahmayuni, Nur Oktavia, Welly Herman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Cow Manure for Sustainable Agriculture on Purple Eggplant Plants
Background: Sustainable agriculture increasingly emphasizes the use of organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility and reduce environmental impact. Cow manure is widely recognized as a potential organic amendment for enhancing crop productivity. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of cow manure on the growth and yield of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Methods: A Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with five treatments of cow manure (0, 50, 75, 100, and 125 g/polybag) and five replications. Observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, flowering age, and yield components such as number of fruits, fruit length, fruit diameter, weight per fruit, and total fruit weight per plant. Results: The application of cow manure did not significantly affect most vegetative growth parameters. However, a dose of 100 g/polybag accelerated flowering time. Yield components such as fruit number, size, and individual fruit weight were not significantly influenced. In contrast, total fruit weight per plant showed significant differences, with the 50 g and 100 g/polybag treatments producing the highest yields (411.07 g and 409.18 g, respectively). Conclusion: Cow manure application at moderate doses (50–100 g/polybag) improves eggplant yield without significantly affecting vegetative growth. This finding supports the use of organic fertilizers as a sustainable alternative in eggplant cultivation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erlina Rahmayuni, Jelita Almas Pramudita, Welly Herman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rice Husk Biochar as an Amendment to Improve Sweet Corn Performance on Bengkulu Entisols
Background: Entisol soil in the coastal area of ​​Bengkulu has low fertility with limited organic matter and nutrient contents, so it requires soil amendments to increase plant productivity. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rice husk biochar on improving soil chemical properties and increasing sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) yield. Methods: The experiment was conducted on a polybag scale (10 kg of soil per polybag) using a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with four doses of rice husk biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15 t/ha), with each treatment repeated six times. Biochar was produced through indirect pyrolysis at a temperature of approximately 400 °C, incubated for four weeks, and applied to the soil at 50% of the recommended fertilizer dose. Results: The analysis results showed that the application of rice husk biochar had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on increasing soil pH, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). A dose of 10 t/ha increased soil pH from 6.01 to 6.61, organic C from 2.09% to 2.81%, total N from 0.11% to 0.17%, and CEC from 4.98 to 5.64 cmol(+)/kg, significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). This increase in fertility directly impacted the growth and yield of sweet corn, with cob weight reaching 437.5 g, significantly greater than the control at p < 0.05, but not significantly different from the dose of 15 t/ha. Conclusion: Thus, rice husk biochar at a dose of 10 t/ha effectively improves Entisol soil quality and increases sweet corn yields, and has the potential to be applied as a sustainable agricultural innovation in tropical marginal lands.
entisol; marginal land; rice husk biochar; soil amendment; sweet corn
Copyright (c) 2025 Welly Herman, Umi Salamah, Erlina Rahmayuni, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sustainable Marketing Strategies to Empower Stingless Bee Honey Agripreneurs for Competitive and Inclusive Agribusiness Growth
Background: Stingless bee honey presents a high-value niche within sustainable agrifood systems, yet small-scale agripreneurs face structural constraints in marketing, certification, and digital engagement that impede inclusive competitiveness. Aim: This study formulates sustainable marketing strategies to empower stingless bee honey agripreneurs in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, thereby enhancing market access, firm-level resilience, and socio-ecological sustainability. Methods: Employing a convergent mixed-methods design, primary data were collected between July and September 2025 through 27 semi-structured interviews, three focus group discussions (FGDs), direct observation, and structured questionnaires involving 65 agripreneurs, eight cooperative leaders, and six local government or institutional stakeholders. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling strategy to ensure representation across enterprise scales and cooperative membership. Internal and external determinants were assessed using IFE and EFE matrices; results were integrated via IE and SWOT frameworks to derive strategy clusters. Results: The IFE (score = 2.86) and EFE (score = 2.93) positions indicate a “Growth and Build” strategic posture. Four strategy clusters emerged: SO (eco-branding, certification, tourism linkages, e-commerce expansion), WO (digital literacy, quality assurance, managerial capacity building, inclusive finance), ST (value-chain diversification, R&D partnerships, sustainability differentiation, cooperative logistics), and WT (community microfinance, joint marketing, insurance/risk-sharing, partnership models). Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative findings strengthens the validity of these strategic priorities. Conclusion: Integrating sustainability principles with digital marketing and cooperative governance offers a viable pathway for transforming stingless bee honey firms into resilient, inclusive agribusinesses. Policy and institutional support that bolsters access to certification, digital capacity, and cooperative finance are pivotal in translating ecological strengths into competitive market outcomes.
agripreneurship; inclusive agribusiness; kelulut honey; sustainable marketing; SWOT
Copyright (c) 2025 I Putu Gede Didik Widiarta, Riki Andika, Dinar Anindyasari, Lestari Gita Nur’aini, Khoiru Indana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Agricultural Development: Production, Policy, and Institution Nexus in Perkin’s Framework
Background: The agricultural sector faces several challenges, including low productivity, high production costs, and unsupportive policies, which hinder the sector's full potential. This article examines the roles of technology, government policy, and institutions in promoting agricultural development, based on a literature review of the book Economics of Development by Perkins et al. (2013). Aim: This study aims to elucidate the importance of agricultural sector growth and modernization. Methods: This review employs the Literature Review method, drawing upon various scholarly sources related to Agricultural Development and other relevant literature to serve as references and comparative material for the discussion. Results: The review finds that technological innovation and institutional capacity consistently emerge as the most decisive mechanisms for agricultural modernization, while policy effectiveness shows mixed evidence across different contexts. Although there is broad agreement that agricultural growth strongly contributes to poverty reduction, divergence remains regarding the extent to which trade liberalization benefits smallholder farmers. Conclusion: Therefore, an integrated policy approach, the use of appropriate technologies, and the strengthening of institutional frameworks are essential strategies to maximize the agricultural sector’s contribution to economic development and poverty alleviation.
agricultural development; government policy; poverty; technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Nur Laili Paramita, Febria Risma Wardah , Syauqi Agung Firmanda, Purna Pria Atmaja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Air to Soil Temperature Comparison: A Case Study for Tarnab, Pakistan
Background: The study of air-soil coupling is crucial for agricultural lands such as Tarnab since it provides valuable insights into microbial dynamics, soil ventilation, and the biogeochemical cycle. In addition to this, the floods of 2010 (which also affected the Tarnab) add more value to this work. Governing the air-soil coupling is mandatory for providing the vital oxygen for the roots. Aim: In this research, the regression equations linking the seasonal daily average air temperature and seasonal daily average soil temperature have been established for Tarnab. Methods: The data of daily maximum/minimum air temperature and soil temperatures (8 am/5 pm), which have been regularly recorded at the Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab from 1996 to 2023, have been used to find the regression. Results: The average maximum temperature correlates strongly with 5 pm soil temperature in MAM (R2=0.4453] and DJF (R2=0.4995) with 26.75(95% CI: 23.04, 30.77) and 14.28(95% CI: 7.30, 18.83) confidence intervals, respectively and n=28. The R2 for the SON is fairly strong for the relationship between maximum temperature and 5 pm soil temperature, as well as minimum temperature and soil temperature at 8 am, with values 0.1748 {25.96[95% CI: 20.83, 29.43]} and 0.2872 {19.11[95% CI: 14.78, 22.18]}, respectively. Conclusion: Air temperature has shown an influence on soil temperature, besides some irregular behaviour.
air-soil coupling; correlation coefficient; regression; soil temperature; Tarnab
Copyright (c) 2025 Amna Shafi, Aamir Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Climate Change Perception of Farmers and Its Effect on the Technical Efficiency of Rice Production
The study analyzed the impact of climate change perception of farmers on the technical efficiency of rice production in North-West Bangladesh. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier approach, including maximum likelihood estimation and technical efficiency estimation, was employed to determine the technical efficiency of Boro rice production in Nilphamari, Bangladesh. Required data were collected from 108 Boro rice-producing farmers of Domar upazila under Nilphamari district, selected using a convenient sampling technique. In analyzing the data, farmer-specific technical efficiency scores were estimated using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier approach, including maximum likelihood estimation and technical efficiency estimation. The weighted average index was used to measure climate change perception of the farmers, and the mean weighted climate change perception index is 19.25. The study's findings also revealed that the technical efficiency of Boro rice production in Domar Upazila under Nilphamari district is 87%. It is also found that education, access to non-farm income, access to credit, access to organic fertilizer and ownership of land, access to climate awareness training, and access to the government. subsidy and all the factors of production are the significant factors that affect the level of technical efficiency. The current technical efficiency indicates that Boro rice production in the study area has been operating below the maximum level of production frontier, and given the available technology, farmers can increase their production by 13% through improving their awareness related to attributes and by making optimal use of factors of production or inputs.
Rice Production, Climate Change Perception, Technical Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier Approach
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Motiur Rahman, Md. Toriqul Islam, Mst. Esrat Jahan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Food Security: Empirical Evidence from Shrimp Farmers in East Java, Indonesia
Background: Climate change poses a profound and escalating threat to global food systems, particularly for small-scale aquaculture communities such as shrimp farmers in coastal regions, whose livelihoods and food security are increasingly vulnerable to environmental variability and extreme weather events. Methods: This study investigated the impact of climate change adaptation strategies on household food security in Bangil Regency, East Java, Indonesia, based on a comprehensive analysis of 1500 shrimp farmers. Using the innovative Multivariant Probit (MVP) method to identify factors influencing the decision to adopt adaptation practices. These factors include changes in the timing of clear fry dispersion, acceleration of harvest time, polyculture practices, and changes in the type of clear fry. We also employed the Ordered Probit Model to evaluate the impact of climate change adaptation on food security, as measured by the food insecurity experience score. Results: A strong positive relationship was revealed between the level of adaptation applied and the resilience of household aquaculture among shrimp farmers. This correlation shows that the more intense adaptation is implemented, the better the food security status of households. Conclusion: This study shows that climate change adaptation has a positive impact on food security. These findings underscore the need for adaptation strategies, especially for small-scale farmers, and tailored interventions to ensure food security in the face of climate change challenges.
adaptation; climate change; food insecurity; multivariant probit (MVP); probit
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatahullah, Syauqi Agung Firmanda, Akbar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mobile Phones and Climate Information Access Among Smallholders in East Java, Indonesia
Background: The increasing adoption of mobile phones among smallholder farmers in Indonesia presents new opportunities to access agrometeorological and climate change information, essential for climate adaptation in rural agricultural areas. Aim: This study examines the extent to which mobile phone ownership influences access to climate change adaptation information among smallholder farmers in East Java. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 7,850 smallholder households. The study assessed the relationship between mobile phone ownership and its use for accessing climate-related information, participating in farmer groups, and conducting agricultural transactions. Logistic regression was applied to identify key determinants of mobile phone utilization. Results: Of the total respondents, 54.4% reported owning a mobile phone. Among them, 46.4% used their phones to access climate change information, 41.4% engaged in buying and selling agricultural products, and 46.4% participated in farmer organizations. Mobile phone ownership and group membership were significantly associated with mobile phone use for agricultural purposes (p < 0.001). Conversely, age and household income were not statistically significant. Notable variations were also observed in relation to smartphone ownership, gender, and educational level, with higher education and female participation linked to increased utilization of phones for climate-related activities. Conclusion: Mobile phone ownership plays a critical role in enhancing access to climate adaptation information and agricultural engagement among smallholders. The findings highlight the potential of digital tools to strengthen resilience and support climate-smart practices. Promoting equitable access to mobile technology, particularly for women and less-educated farmers, is vital for inclusive agricultural adaptation strategies.
climate change; mobile phone; productivity; small farmers
Copyright (c) 2025 fatahullah, Syauqi Agung Firmanda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment of Groundwater Quality Along the Coastal Aquifers of Kollam Corporation, Southern Kerala, India
Background: Groundwater serves as a primary resource for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial activities, primarily accessed through wells. Out of the 3% of the global freshwater supply, a significant portion is locked in glaciers, and the remainder is present as groundwater. In India, limited resources and rising pollution rates make groundwater a critical resource, providing nearly 80% of the country’s drinking water. Aim: The present study examines the quality of groundwater in the Corporation area of Kollam, a prominent coastal district in southern Kerala, India, focusing on its potability and suitability for irrigation. Methods: Twelve pre-monsoon water samples were collected from wells across the area and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters to assess the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality. Poor water quality can severely impact human health as well as agricultural productivity, particularly in regions where groundwater is the primary source of water. The analyzed data were compared with the drinking and irrigation water quality standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The study shows that the groundwater system exhibits an acidic characteristic due to continuous interaction with the lateritic aquifer. The samples predominantly belong to the Na-Cl or Na-HCO3 types, indicating the influence of seawater intrusion. Most samples met the criteria for ‘good-quality irrigation water, while others fell in the classification for ‘poor-quality. Conclusion: The findings highlight the increasing challenges associated with groundwater utilization and emphasize the importance of sustainable groundwater management practices in Kollam, a fast-growing coastal urban center of the state.
drinking water standards; hill piper diagram; hydro geochemistry; seawater intrusion; water pollution
Copyright (c) 2025 NIMA ZULTHANA, Shinu N., ANOOP, YAMUNA SALI, ANJANA AV PANICKER (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Income Analysis of Maize Farmers Under the Contract Farming Scheme in Pamekasan, Indonesia
Background: The contract farming system was chosen due to its potential to provide market certainty, access to agricultural inputs, and technical training for farmers. Aim: This study aims to analyze the cost components and income of maize farming conducted under the contract farming scheme in Pamekasan Regency. Methods: The research was conducted in Kadur District and involved 60 partner farmers selected purposively using a multi-stage sampling approach. Primary data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires. The analytical method employed was farm analysis, which included calculations of fixed costs, variable costs, revenue, net income, and the R/C ratio. Results: The results show that the average total production cost incurred by farmers was Rp2,853,390 per planting season. Revenue from maize sales averaged Rp14,899,592, resulting in a net income of Rp12,046,202. The R/C ratio value of 5.20 indicates that the farming practice is highly efficient and profitable. Beyond economic benefits, the contract farming scheme also contributed to improved farmer access to production inputs, technical assistance, and guaranteed selling prices. Conclusion: The study concludes that contract farming is an effective alternative marketing strategy for increasing the income of smallholder farmers in rural areas. To support the sustainability of this program, policy backing from local governments, strengthening of farmer institutions, and enhanced transparency and fairness in contract agreements are essential. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for developing a more inclusive and sustainable agribusiness partnership model.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mardiyah Hayati, Mohammad Wahyu Firdaus, Taufik Rizal Dwi Adi Nugroho, Desi Ramadhani, Fatahullah Fatahullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Litterfall Production and Decomposition in a Mined Area Revetetated with Cassia siamea
Background: Soil nutrients in ex-coal mining land are very low, therefore it needs to be restored by restoring the nutrient cycle through litter productivity and decomposition. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the litter production and decomposition rates of Cassia siamea and nutrient return on the reclaimed land of PT. Kaltim Prima Coal. Methods: Litter production data were collected using litter traps for 6 months and for decomposition rates using litter bags for 3 months. The contents of C, N, C/N, P, K, cellulose hemicellulose and lignin were taken from the litter. Results: The results showed that there was a positive correlation between waste production and temperature and wind speed and a negative correlation between waste production and rainfall and humidity. Nitrogen and phosphorus content were positively correlated with reclamation age. Litterfall contributes nutrients to the soil in the following order C>N>K>P. Cassia siamea litter has an average decomposition rate of 0.073611 kg m-2 yr-1 or 0.736114 tons ha-1 yr-1. The very large decomposition rate in the first two weeks was because at the beginning of decomposition the decomposed part of the litterfall contained high levels of water and nitrogen which could increase the decomposition rate. Conclusion: The rate of litterfall production increases with the age of reclamation. There is a positive correlation between litterfall production and temperature and wind speed. There is a negative correlation between litterfall production and rainfall and humidity.
post coal mining; litterfall; Cassia siamea; litterfall production; decomposition
Copyright (c) 2025 Liris Lis Komara, Veronika Murtinah, Dian Anggraini, Risma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Groundwater Hydrochemistry in Central Kerala: Implications for Aquifer Infrastructure and Environmental Water Management
Background: Hydrochemistry of groundwater is variable with location in Central Kerala dominated by sedimentary groundwater aquifers. Groundwater chemistry is also greatly influenced by activities to which humans engage in, like rock weathering during contact. Hydrochemical analysis is a basic tool to identify water types and their chemical compositions, as well as to determine whether a water is of a certain quality, which is an important requirement in any water use licensing project. Aim: This study aims to assess the hydrochemical data of groundwater samples. Methods: Sample collected from 70 open wells in and around the Thrissur Ponnani Kol in Central Kerala, through integrated statistical, Piper trilinear diagram, and spatial interpolation methods. Results: The results of this study show that Ca + and Cl− are the dominant cations and anions in the groundwater with mean concentrations of 267.39 mg/l and 574.81 mg/l, respectively. The pre-monsoon Piper: Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the study area are depicted by plotting the relative concentration of the major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻) in the Fig. Most groundwater samples in the study sequences belong to the calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO₃) type, and most of the data points are located close to the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ and CO₃²⁻-HCO₃⁻ vertices, suggesting the predominance of carbonate weathering processes. Indicates little exchange of Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻, weak anthropogenic impact, like agricultural runoff or industrial discharge. Conclusion: Thus, the clustering of grouped samples denotes localized groundwater chemistry variations likely due to differences in geology and/or recharge conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samreena Mohammed , Arunkumar K.S. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analisis Literatur tentang Peran Generasi Muda dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Modern
Background: The low participation of young people presents a serious challenge in ensuring the sustainability of this sector. Many young individuals are reluctant to engage in agribusiness because they perceive it as unpromising, lacking prestige, and full of risks. Aim: This study aims to identify the strategic role of youth in the development of modern agribusiness, as well as to analyze the challenges and opportunities that can be leveraged to increase their participation in the sector. Methods: The study uses a literature review method by examining various scientific journals, government policies, and reports related to agribusiness and youth participation in the agricultural sector. This approach seeks to summarize relevant findings and provide a comprehensive conceptual understanding. Results: The results show that young people have significant potential to advance agribusiness through the use of digital technology, product innovation, and entrepreneurial spirit. However, the challenges they face include limited access to land, capital, training, and a lack of targeted policy support. Several government policies, such as Presidential Regulation No. 2 of 2022, have attempted to address these challenges through youth entrepreneurship programs in the agricultural sector. Conclusion: Young people can become key drivers of modern agribusiness transformation in Indonesia if supported by appropriate policies, access to resources, and a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Collaborative efforts from various stakeholders are needed to create an inclusive space for participation, making agriculture an attractive, profitable, and sustainable sector for the nation's future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tampe Tuah Malem Ginting, Arief Muhazir Insandi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of Financial Feasibility of Egg-Laying Chicken Farming Business at CV “X”, South Lampung, Indonesia
Background: Financial feasibility analysis enables entrepreneurs to get a clear picture of the potential profits that can be obtained, the time required for capital returns, and the strategies that must be adopted to face market challenges. Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic feasibility of layer chicken farming at CV Rachmadi in Karang Sari Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung. Methods: Primary and secondary data related to the farm's operations were collected in this study using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. Primary data was obtained through direct observation and interviews with the owner and manager of the business. Secondary data was gathered from relevant literature and financial reports. The focus of the financial analysis is on costs, revenues, and profit projections. This analysis was conducted using methods such as net present value (NPV), Net B/C ratio, and internal rate of return (IRR). Results: The results of the study indicate a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 1,629,571,539.11, a B/C ratio (Net B/C) of 3.53, and an IRR of 47%, demonstrating that this business is financially feasible and profitable. Conclusion: These findings suggest that investing in this farm has good potential for long-term profit.
feasibility analysis; IRR; layer chicken far; Net B/C ratio; NPV
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Fitri, Deby Ananda Difah, Annisa Alifa Ramadhani, Dita Pratiwi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Kredit Pertanian dalam Meningkatkan Keberlanjutan Usahatani Rumah Tangga Petani
Latar belakang: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran kredit pertanian dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan usaha rumah tangga petani di berbagai negara. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana akses terhadap kredit pertanian memengaruhi keputusan petani terkait produksi, konsumsi, dan keberlanjutan secara keseluruhan. Metode: Menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur sistematis (SLR), penelitian ini mensintesis temuan dari berbagai sumber, dengan fokus pada artikel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2024. Hasil: Tinjauan ini menunjukkan bahwa akses kredit memungkinkan petani untuk berinvestasi dalam input yang lebih baik, mengadopsi teknologi canggih, dan melakukan diversifikasi usaha, yang berkontribusi pada peningkatan produktivitas, pengelolaan risiko yang lebih baik, dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga yang lebih tinggi. Faktor-faktor kunci seperti subsidi pemerintah, harga pasar, dan asuransi pertanian juga memainkan peran penting dalam memengaruhi keputusan produksi dan konsumsi. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kredit pertanian sangat penting untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan jangka panjang usaha rumah tangga petani. Rekomendasi kebijakan meliputi promosi akses yang lebih luas dan terjangkau terhadap kredit pertanian, yang akan membantu petani mencapai stabilitas ekonomi dan keberlanjutan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menyempurnakan strategi ini dan mengembangkan kebijakan yang lebih terarah dalam meningkatkan pembangunan pertanian.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa fitri, Deby Ananda Difah, Devi Agustia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0